Operators in groovy

In groovy, operators are symbols which are used to tell the compiler to perform specified operations.

Following are the operators in groovy:

Arithmetic operators
Unary operators
Assignment arithmetic operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Bitwise operators
Conditional operators

Arithmetic operator

Arithmetic operators are the basic mathematical operators, which are used to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, Remainder and Power.

Example 1:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample1 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 10
		int b = 5
		int c
		c = a + b
		println "Addition = " + c
		c = a - b
		println "Subtraction = " + c
		c = a * b
		println "Multiplication = " + c
		c = a / b
		println "Division = " + c
		c = a % b
		println "Remainder  = " + c
		c = a ** b
		println "Power = "+c
		}
}

Output:

In groovy, we also have some functions which are used to perform Arithmetic operations like plus, minus, intdiv and power. The use of these functions are shown in the example which is given below.

Example 2:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample2 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 10.3
		int b = 5
		int c
		c = a.plus(b)
		println "plus = " + c
		c = a.minus(b)
		println "minus = " + c
		c = a.intdiv(b)
		println "intdiv = " + c
		c = a.power(b)
		println "Power = "+c
		}
}

Output:

Unary operators

In groovy, Unary operators require only one operator to perform the operation. Unary operators are used to perform the operations such as increment/decrement, negating, and inverting the values of a Boolean.

Example 3:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample3 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 10
		int c
		c = +a
		println "Unary plus = " + c
		c = -a
		println "Unary minus = " + c
		
		}
}

Output:

Example 4:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample4 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 10
		int c
		c = a++
		println "Post Increment = " + c
		println "Value of a after Post Increment = " + a
		c = ++a
		println "Pre Increment = " + c
		println "Value of a after Pre Increment = " + a
		int b = 10
		c = b--
		println "Post decrement = " + c
		println "Value of a after Post decrement = " + b
		c = --b
		println "Pre decrement = " + c
		println "Value of a after Pre decrement = " + b
		}
}

Output:

Assignment arithmetic operators

In groovy, assignment arithmetic operators are used to assign a new value to the variable.

Example 5:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample5 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 10
		a+=3
		println "a+=3 ------> " + a
		a-=3
		println "a-=3 ------> " + a
		a*=3
		println "a*=3 ------> " + a
		a/=3
		println "a/=3 ------> " + a
		a%=3
		println "a%=3 ------> " + a
		a**=3
		println "a**=3 ------> " + a
		}
}

Output:

Relational operators

In groovy, relational operators are used to compare two objects to check wether they are same or different or one is greater than, less than or equal to other object.

Example 6:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample6 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 10
		int b = 12
		boolean c
		println "a = 10"
		println "b = 12"
		c = a == b
		println "Relational Operator equals [c = a == b] ----> " + c
		c = a != b
		println "Relational Operator different [c = a == b] ----> " + c
		c = a < b
		println "Relational Operator less than [c = a < b] ----> " + c
		c = a <= b
		println "Relational Operator less than equal to [c = a <= b] ----> " + c
		c = a > b
		println "Relational Operator greater than [c = a > b] ----> " + c
		c = a >= b
		println "Relational Operator greater than equal to [c = a >= b] ----> " + c
		
		}
}

Output:

Logical operators

In groovy, there are 3 logical operators for Boolean expression, and these operators are AND(&&), OR(||) and NOT(!)

Example 7:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample7 {
static void main(args) {
		boolean c
		c = true && true
		println "Logical AND operator = " + c
		c = true || false
		println "Logical OR operator = " + c
		c = !false
		println "Logical NOT operator = " + c
		
		}
}

Output:

Note: In groovy, logical "not" is having a higher priority as compared to the logical "and".

Example 8:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample8 {
static void main(args) {
		boolean c
		c = (!false && false) 
		println  c
	}
}

Output:

Note: In groovy, logical "and" is having a higher priority as compared to the logical "or".

Example 9:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample1 {
static void main(args) {
		boolean c
		c = true || true && false 
		println  c
	}
}

Output:

Bitwise operators

In groovy, Bitwise operators are used for operating on binary digits or bits of an integer.

Example 10:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample10 {
	
	static void main(args) {
		int a = 0b00101111
		println "a = 0b00101111 ----> "+a 
		int b = 0b000010101
		println "b = 0b000010101 ----> "+b 
		println "(a & a) ----> "+(a & a) 
		println "(a & b) ----> "+(a & b) 
		println "(a | a) ----> "+(a | a) 
		println "(a | a) ----> "+(a | b) 
		
		int c = 0b11111111
		println "c = 0b11111111"
		println "((a ^ a) & c) ----> "+((a ^ a) & c) 
		println "((a ^ b) & c) ----> "+((a ^ b) & c) 
		println "((~a) & c) ----> "+((~a) & c)    
	}
}

Output:

Example 11:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample11 {
static void main(args) {
		int a = 23
		int b = 43
		println "Converting Integer to Binary a = 23 ----> " + Integer.toBinaryString(a)
		println "Converting Integer to Binary b = 43 ----> " +Integer.toBinaryString(b)
		println "Converting binary to integer 10111 ----> a = " + Integer.parseInt("10111", 2)
		println "Converting binary to integer 101011 ----> b = " + Integer.parseInt("10111",2)
	}
}

Output:

Conditional operators

In groovy, there are three types of conditional operators they are as follow:

Not operator

In groovy, "not" operator is used invert the result of the Boolean expression.

Example 12:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample12 {
static void main(args) {
		println "(!true) ----> "+(!true)    
		println "(!'javatpoint') ----> "+(!'javatpoint')  
		println "!Null ----> "+(!'') 
	}
}

Output:

Ternary operator

In groovy, Ternary Operator is the shortcut of if/else

Example 13:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample13 {
static void main(args) {
		String Answer
		String s = 'javatpoint'
Answer = (s!=null && s.length()>0) ? 'Found' : 'Not found'	}
}

Output:

Elvis operator

In groovy, Elvis operator is a shorthand property of the ternary operator. It only returns when a value is true.

Example 14:

package com.app
class GroovyOperatorsExample1 {
static void main(args) {
		String Answer
		String s = 'javatpoint'
		println Answer = s ? 'Found' : 'Not Found'   
		println Answer = s ?: 'Found'
	}
}

Output: