Implementation Of Abstraction In Java

Introduction

Abstraction is the process of hiding the details of an entity and focusing on the essential characteristics of the entity. In object-oriented programming, abstraction is an important concept that helps developers to model real-world entities in the code.

The Java language completely incorporates abstraction, a key idea in object-oriented programming. Abstraction allows developers to work with complex systems by hiding details and allowing them to focus on the essential components. By abstracting away the details of an object, developers can create reusable code and reduce the complexity of their applications. This article will discuss the concept of abstraction and how it is implemented in Java.

Abstract Classes

A class that cannot be instantiated or utilised to create objects is said to be abstract. Any class with the term "abstract" in its name is considered to be abstract. Both abstract and concrete methods can be found in an abstract class. When you want to establish a set of shared methods that all subclasses will inherit but don't want to give an implementation for, you may use abstract classes.

Abstract methods are declared using the abstract keyword and must be implemented in any class that extends the abstract class. The abstract class may also contain concrete methods, which are methods that have an implementation. Subclasses of the abstract class can either use the implementation provided by the abstract class or override the implementation with their implementation.

Abstract classes are useful for putting the template method pattern into action. A design technique called the template method allows subclasses to implement the specifics while an abstract class describes the algorithm's basic structure.

What is Abstraction?

Removal or concealment of unnecessary characteristics from an item or system is the process of abstraction. It is a technique for streamlining complicated systems by obscuring unnecessary parts and emphasising the crucial ones. Abstraction is a tool that developers may use to create reusable code and simplify their programmes.

In object-oriented programming, abstraction creates an interface for a class. The interface describes the properties and behaviour of the class without providing any implementation details. This allows developers to use the class without knowing how it works.

Abstraction in Java

Java provides several different ways to implement abstraction. The most common way to implement abstraction in Java is by using abstract classes and interfaces.

Interfaces

An interface is a collection of connected methods that have empty bodies. It's comparable to an abstract class, but it can't have any implementation code in it. An interface can have any number of methods, but they must all be abstract. The keyword interface is used to declare interfaces.

Interfaces are useful when you want to define a set of methods that all classes must implement, but you don't want to provide an implementation for these methods. All classes that apply an interface must execute all of the interface's methods.

The strategy pattern can also be implemented using interfaces. The strategy pattern is a design principle that makes use of an interface to create a collection of interchangeable algorithms.

Program

Abstract.java

abstract class Bank{    
abstract int rateOfInterest();    
}    
class Bank1 extends Bank
{    
int rateOfInterest()
{
    return 5;
}    
}    
class Bank2 extends Bank
{    
int rateOfInterest()
{
    return 8;
    
}    
}    
    
class Abstract
{    
public static void main(String args[]){    
Bank b;  
b=new Bank1();  
System.out.println(" Interest is: "+b.rateOfInterest()+" %");    
b=new Bank2();  
System.out.println(" Interest is: "+b.rateOfInterest()+" %");    
}}   

Output:

Interest is: 7 %
 Interest is: 8 %

Benefits of Abstraction

Abstraction provides several benefits to developers and their applications. By abstracting away the details of an object, developers can create reusable code and reduce the complexity of their applications.

Reusability

Developers can generate reusable code thanks to abstraction. Developers can design code that can be utilised in different applications by abstracting away the details of an object. This improves development efficiency and shortens the time required to create new applications.

Modularity

Developers can construct modular apps thanks to abstraction. Developers can design code that can be utilised in different applications by abstracting away the details of an object. This increases the flexibility and ease of maintenance of applications.

Reduced Complexity

Abstraction decreases application complexity by obscuring an object's details. Developers can focus on the fundamental components of their applications by abstracting away the details of an object. This makes programmes easier to maintain and more user-friendly.

Conclusion

Abstract classes and interfaces are powerful tools for modelling real-world entities in the code and help make code more organised and maintainable. Abstract classes are useful for implementing the template method pattern, and interfaces are useful for implementing the strategy pattern.

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