Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) was a prominent Chilean Writer and poet widely regarded as one of the most influential intellectuals in 20th-century literature. He was also actively involved in the political life of his country. Neruda's literary work was part of the modern and postmodern movements. His poetry went through three stages: transition to innovation, dark and hermetic, and political. Pablo Neruda used expressive and emotional language. Pablo Neruda was a prolific and internationally renowned writer. He is famous for his literary works such as Crepusculario, Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, Attempt at the Infinite Man, Canto General, Extravagario, and One Hundred Love Sonnets. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971 Profile of Pablo NerudaName: Pablo Neruda Birth Date: July 12, 1904 Occupations of Pablo
Political Party: Communist Party Family of Pablo
Birth and Family of Pablo Ricardo Eliécer was born on July 12, 1904, in Parral, Chile. He came from a cultured family and a middle-class background. His parents were José del Carmen Reyes Morales and teacher Rosa Neftalí Basoalto Opazo. Sadly, he was orphaned at just two months old. In 1906, Little Ricardo and his father traveled to the town of Temuco. While there, his father married a woman named Trinidad Candia Marverde, who had a son named Rodolfo. Trinidad became like a mother to the poet, and he lovingly referred to her as "Mamadre." Education of Pablo NerudaRicardo Eliécer attended primary and secondary school in Temuco, where he enrolled in the Men's Lyceum in 1910. His time there sparked his interest in literature and poetry, influenced by the natural surroundings of the area. Following the publication, the writer entered the Floral Games of Maule with the poem "Nocturno Ideal" and received the third prize. The aspiring poet graduated with a BA in Humanities in 1920. Professional Beginnings of Pablo Neruda In 1920, while still in high school, Ricardo started his professional career as the director of the Literary Athenaeum of the Liceo de Temuco. He also collaborated on the publication Selva Austral. In October of that year, he began using the pseudonym Pablo Neruda for some of his works, and a month later, he won first place in a poetry contest at the Temuco Spring Festival. Pablo Neruda's Trip to SantiagoIn 1921, Pablo Neruda traveled to Santiago to study French pedagogy at the Pedagogical Institute of the University of Chile. During this trip, he also won the Spring Festival award from the Federation of Students for his writing "The Song of the Party." During his time in the Chilean capital, the writer focused on attending cultural and literary events. Financial struggles and neglect marked this period in Neruda's life, as his father did not support his poetic career and did not provide him with enough money. First Publications of Pablo Neruda Neruda's first book, Crepusculario, was published in July 1923, bringing him national recognition. At the time, he wrote for Claridad and Dionysios Magazines under the name Sachka. After presenting his book, the author went on vacation to the Lower Imperial coast. It was there that Neruda began to develop what would become one of his most famous works: Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, published in 1924. In the same year, Neruda translated texts from French to Spanish by Anatole France. The following year, he directed the Caballo de Bastos Magazine. Pablo Neruda Between Literature and PovertyIn the summer of 1926, the intellectual traveled to different regions of his country before returning to Santiago. While in the city, he published the works "The Inhabitant and His Hope" and "Rings." Due to financial difficulties, he sought a position at the consulate. In the same year that he accomplished his goal, Burma resigned as the country's representative. Apart from his role as a consul, he contributed articles to La Nación. The poem "Tango del viudo" is dedicated to Josie Bliss, a young woman the poet had a turbulent and intense love affair. Pablo Neruda Return to Chile Following five years overseas, Neruda brought his new spouse, María Antonieta Haagenar Vogelzang, back to Chile in December 1930. He started in the Foreign Ministry Library before being employed by the Ministry of Labor's Cultural Department in July 1932. In 1933, Neruda published "El Slinger enthusiast" and was also elected as the Chilean ambassador to Argentina. While in Buenos Aires, he attended literary meetings and met the Spanish writer Federico García Lorca. Pablo's Travel to SpainThe writer spent a year in Argentina before traveling to Spain on May 5, 1934, as a diplomatic representative with his wife, María Antonieta. During his time in Europe, he met with several intellectuals from the famous generation of '27, including Rafael Alberti While in Madrid, his daughter Malva Marina Trinidad was born on August 18 of the same year, but she was born with hydrocephalus. The poet also gave talks and recitals at various universities during this time. In 1935, some writers honored Pablo Neruda's literary work with songs. He traveled to Paris to participate in the First International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture. Pablo With the Republican Cause Pablo Neruda witnessed the start of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936 and showed his support for the Republican cause after the murder of his friend Federico García Lorca in August of the same year. In response to this event, he published "Song to the Mothers of the Dead militiamen" in El Mono Azul. Neruda's biased stance drew criticism from some Chilean government members, leading to the closure of the Chilean consulate in Madrid. Unable to secure another position, the poet chose to travel to France. Pablo's Achievement of GoalThe writer achieved his goal by surrounding himself with various personalities of the time and creating and directing the magazine Los Poetas del Mundo defend the Spanish People. He was also part of the Hispanic-American Group to support the Spanish people. Neruda joined the Association for the Defense of Culture to organize a writers' congress against Spanish fascism. Following this, he released the poem "It's Like This," marking the start of the second stage of his poetic work. Pablo Back to Chile In October 1937, Pablo Neruda returned to Chile with Delia del Carril. A month later, he founded and directed the Alliance of Intellectuals of Chile and published España en el Corazón. The poet's literary achievements were overshadowed by the deaths of his father in May 1938 and his stepmother "Mamadre" in August of the same year. One year later, Neruda was appointed consul in Paris to assist Spanish refugees. On May 12, 1939, he arranged for the transportation of two thousand refugees to Chile. Neruda in MexicoNeruda's efforts to help Spanish refugees in Paris earned him the position of consul general in Mexico in June 1940. In Mexico, he became involved in the cultural scene and befriended intellectuals such as Octavio Paz. Later, Paz and Neruda's friendly relationship ended when the Chilean poet declined to be included in Paz's Laurel anthology project. Neruda refused to be part of the anthology because it excluded prominent poets like Miguel Hernández. A pro-Nazi gang in Cuernavaca attacked him on December 28, 1941. Neruda's Trip to CubaIn March 1942, the poet took a break from his diplomatic work in Mexico to visit Cuba for the first time. While in Havana, Neruda held conferences and workshops as a guest of the Ministry of Education. The poet also attended literary events and developed a love for snails after meeting malacologist Carlos de la Torre. Pablo's Goodbye to MexicoAfter spending a few months in Cuba, Neruda returned to Mexico. On May 3, 1942, his divorce from María Antonieta Hagenaar was finalized, and four months later, his controversial "Song to Stalingrad" was published. Following this, the poet traveled to the United States for health reasons, and in 1943, his daughter Malva Marina passed away. Pablo married Delia on July 2, 1943, upon his return to Mexico. The poet's time in Mexico came to an end that year after he was dismissed from his position for attending the funeral of the mother of Brazilian communist Luis Prestes. The writer was dismissed with honors and recognition by the Mexican people. Pablo Back to his HomelandIn late 1943, Pablo Neruda arrived in Chile. A year later, the poet focused on renovating his house in Isla Negra and running for the Senate for the Communist Party. Following that, in 1945, the writer was elected as a representative for the provinces of Antofagasta and Terapacá. It was during this time that he was awarded the National Prize for Literature. Neruda showed his passion for politics in the Chilean Senate and dedicated himself to assisting the underprivileged. His efforts resulted in his appointment as the national coordinator of Gabriel González Videla's presidential campaign. Pablo's hard work was rewarded when Videla was elected president on September 4, 1946. Neruda in HidingAfter becoming president, González Videla targeted and attacked members of the Communist Party. Neruda spoke out against the president's actions, leading to the persecution of the poet. Neruda attempted to leave Chile but was forced into hiding for a year. Pablo Neruda wrote his Canto General during his time in hiding, and it turned out to be one of his best-known works of writing. The poet then made plans to leave the nation with a group of friends, and in March 1949, he managed to do so while going by the identity Antonio Ruiz. The Poet in EuropeNeruda came to Buenos Aires in mid-April 1949, and he used his friend Miguel Ángel Asturias's passport-a Guatemalan who looked a lot like him-to go to Paris. Pablo eventually made it to Switzerland with the help of a number of his friends who were writers and artists, including Picasso. The poet stayed in Europe until the start of August 1949. While there, he participated in cultural conferences and literary events. Neruda's Great LoveOn August 28, 1949, Pablo traveled to Mexico, where he reunited with Matilde Urrutia, whom he had met in Chile three years prior. Their love affair lasted until the end of Neruda's life and inspired several of his poems. Neruda and Matilde's love affair blossomed while the poet was still in a relationship with Delia del Carril. To avoid suspicion, they often went on trips with friends. Eventually, they began living together in February 1955, after Pablo and Delia definitively separated. The Last Two Decades of Pablo's LifePablo Neruda dedicated the last two decades of his life to writing, traveling, giving lectures, and being with Matilde Urrutia. In the late 1950s, the writer published several works, including New Elementary Odes, Estravagario, and One Hundred Sonnets of Love. Neruda experienced a surge in popularity during the 1960s, with the publication of ten notable works, including Las Piedras de Chile, Memorial de Isla Negra, La Barcarola, and Still. He was a prolific traveler and received numerous honors in various countries. He went to Paris to attend the First International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture. Style of Pablo NerudaPablo Neruda's literary style was known for being part of the avant-garde and postmodernist movements. His work started as innovative and creative but later became tense, dark, and reflective. Ultimately, his poetry was heavily influenced by his political beliefs and his stance against injustice, inequality, and war. Pablo's poetry was emotional and expressive, using clear and sensitive language. His verses touched on love, Hope, life, loneliness, existence, war, peace, and politics, sometimes intimate and sometimes universal. Awards Won by Pablo
Pablo Neruda's Works
Pablo Neruda's Posthumous Publications
Death of Pablo NerudaThe poet spent the last two years of his life constantly visiting the doctor, undergoing radiotherapies, and being hospitalized due to cancer. Despite his illness, Neruda remained active in developing his literature, producing his most powerful works, The Separate Rose and Geography of Pablo Neruda. After a strong battle against cancer, Pablo Neruda passed away on September 23, 1973. His funeral ceremonies were massive, and his remains were temporarily placed in the General Cemetery of Santiago de Chile. Almost twenty years later, his body was transferred to Isla Negra, as he had requested before his death. ConclusionPablo Neruda was a renowned writer known for his avant-garde and postmodern literary work. He was also involved in politics and received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. Despite early tragedy in his life, Neruda found solace in literature and poetry. He published his first book, Crepusculario, in 1923 and went on to write many more works, including Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. Neruda's poetry was emotional and expressive, touching on themes of love, Hope, life, and politics. He received numerous awards and honors for his literary work and was known for his powerful and evocative writing style. Next TopicPrannoy h s |
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